What Is a Quoin Explaining an Architecture Detail

Quite simply, a quoin is a corner.  The word quoin is pronounced the same as the word coin (koin or koyn), which is an old French word meaning corner or angle. Quoin has come to be known as the accentuation of a buildings corner with short side header bricks or stone blocks and long side stretcher bricks or stone blocks that may or may not differ from the wall masonry in size, color, or texture. Key Takeaways: Quoin Quoin, which means corner in French, is a feature, usually decorative, found on the corner of a structures exterior.Quoins are dressed stone or wood, more finished or worked over to catch the eye.Quoins are most common in Western architecture, particularly Georgian styles. Quoins are very noticeable on buildings — as noticeable as a jerkinhead roof. Sometimes decorative quoins stick out more than their surrounding stone or brick, and very often they are a different color. The architectural detail we call the quoin or quoins of a structure is often used as decoration, defining space by visually outlining the geometry of a building. Quoins may have possible structural intent, also, to strengthen walls in order to add height. Quoins are also known as langle dun mur or the angle of a wall. Architectural historian George Everard Kidder Smith has called them Prominently beveled stones (or wood in imitation of stone) used to give emphasis to corners. Architect John Milnes Baker defines the quoin as the dressed or finished stones at the corners of a masonry building. Sometimes faked in wooden or stucco buildings. Typical French House in Montmartin-Sur-Mer, Normandy, France. Tim Graham/Getty Images (cropped) The various definitions of quoin emphasize two points — the corner location and the largely decorative function of the quoin. Like Bakers definition, The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture describes quoins as dressed stones...usually laid so that their faces are alternately large and small. A dressed construction material, whether stone or wood, means that the piece has been worked to a particular shape or finish that is unlike but complementary to the adjoining materials. The Trust for Architectural Easements points out that corners can be found in various parts of a structure, as quoins are usually prominent and may outline windows, doorways, segments, and corners of buildings. Quoins are most often found in European or Western-derived architecture, from ancient Rome, to 17th century France and England, and 19th and 20th century buildings in the United States. Examining Uppark Mansion Sometimes it takes multiple definitions to get a true sense of architectural details. Uppark Mansion, shown here in Sussex, England, can use all of the definitions above to describe its quoins — the corners of the building are emphasized, the stones are laid alternately large and small at the corners, the stones are finished or dressed and are a different color, and the large, prominent masonry units also outline the facade protrusion, acting like columns that rise to the Classical pediment. Uppark Mansion in Sussex, England. Howard Morrow/Getty Images (cropped) Built in approximately 1690, Uppark is a good example of how architectural details combine to form what becomes known as a style, which is really just a trend. Upparks Classical elements of symmetry and proportion combine with medieval-era stringcourse — the horizontal band that seems to cut the building into upper and lower floors. The roof style invented by French architect Franà §ois Mansart (1598-1666) is modified into the hipped slate roof with dormers we see here — all characteristics of what became known as 18th century Georgian architecture. Although used in ancient, Renaissance, and French provincial architecture, decorative quoins became a common feature of the Georgian style, after the rise of the line of British kings named George. A National Trust property, Uppark House and Garden is remarkable to visit for another reason. In 1991, a fire gutted the mansion. The cause of the fire was workmen ignoring construction safety orders. Uppark is a fine example not only of quoins, but also of superior restoration and preservation of a historic manor house. Sources Baker, John Milnes. American House Styles: A Concise Guide. Norton, 1994, p. 176Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, quoin, https://www.britannica.com/technology/quoinFleming, John; Honour, Hugh; Pevsner, Nikolaus. The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture, Third Edition.  Penguin, 1980, p. 256Smith, G. E. Kidder. Source Book of American Architecture. Princeton Architectural Press, 1996, p. 646The Trust for Architectural Easements. Glossary of Architectural Terms. http://architecturaltrust.org/outreach/education/glossary-of-architectural-terms/

The Main Contributions to Charles Dickens Popularity

The Victorian period gave way to a plethora of writers and works that would later be revered as undeniable classics, many works of which we continue to read to this day. One author from this period, however, stands out in all respects of the word. His personal life, written works, and social commentary attribute to the widespread popularity that Charles Dickens managed to accumulate even after his death. He has been the subject of countless hours of research, studies, and literary critiques; regardless of one’s personal opinion, it is impossible to doubt the significance of Dickens and his entire collection of work. Mr. Dickens had an inexplicable gift which allowed him to write and convey some of the greatest stories of that time period, as well as having crafted interesting and memorable characters that have also been subject to study, even in the twenty-first century. Charles Dickens is, without a doubt, an irreplaceable man, a part of literary history who continues to asse rt his importance through the continued survival and appreciation of his works. Early Life and Beginnings as a Writer Charles John Huffam Dickens was born in Portsmouth, Portsea Island, England on 7 February 1812, son of John and Elizabeth Dickens. His father (John Dickens) worked in the Naval Pay Office as a clerk, but aspired to greater things, hoping to ultimately strike it big and become rich. His mother (Elizabeth Dickens nee Barrow) hoped to be a teacher and, later, a school director. Dicken’sShow MoreRelatedVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 Pagesdates frame the period of Victorian literature, it is commonly accepted that it was the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) that saw the novel emerge and flourish, all the more that the 1937 was the year when Dickens’ Oliver Twist, the first major work of fiction. 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Philosophy Originated From The Greek Language. It Is Made Up Of Two Wo Essay Example For Students

Philosophy Originated From The Greek Language. It Is Made Up Of Two Wo Essay rds: phileinwhich means to love and sophia which means wisdom. There are three fundamentalquestions in the field of philosophy which are referred to as the Existential Concerns. What can I know?, What ought I to do?, What is the meaning of life and my place inthe universe? These complex questions are discussed in the basic areas of philosophy. Epistemology is the theory of knowledge. The major question in this area is, whatis truth? There are various theories about the correct answer. One explanation is theCorrespondence Theory of Truth. This theorem puts forth the idea that the only real truthhas tangible evidence to back it up. For example, a witness to a crime. That person wasthe only one, other then the direct people involved who know what happened. However,religion and science are two forms that go against this theorem. Another theory is nothingis truth. This consists of the idea that we cannot know anything with certainty. Thefollowers of this theorem are usually classified as being skeptical. Another explanationfor truth is considered Sense Perception. Sense Perception is subjective and relative,therefore it is not a tangible form of knowledge. There is still one more form ofdetermining the truth, mathematics or Intellectual Knowledge. For example, if I were toask you to add two and three, the only true answer you could give me would be five. Theis not a subjective or relative example. Many people consider math to be a universal truth. We will write a custom essay on Philosophy Originated From The Greek Language. It Is Made Up Of Two Wo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There are various questions associated with the area of ethics. Each of them dealwith morals. Morals are defined as the right conduct or duties of a man. The firstquestion is, are there any universal moral values? Moral relativists will either deny or be infavor of the existent of universal values. One instance where I can explain this idea, iswith the Nuremberg trials of 1946. Post World War II, several top officials of the Naziregiment were put on trial for the crimes they committed against humanities. However,they didnt plead guilty. Their defense was that they were simply following orders and thelaws presented by the state. Do you believe that is a suitable reason for their actions? Ifso, you believe that universal moral values do not exist. That each country and/or groupof people have separate rights and wrongs associated with their culture. On the otherhand if you feel that the Axis Powers were correct in putting these officers on trial, thenyou believe that there are basic mor al values, that should be obeyed. The term for this isEqual Dignity. Therefore you believe in a Universal Justice also known as Cicero NaturalLaw Doctrine. The second question that is discussed, when speaking of ethics, is What principlesshould guide my actions or choices? In other words, what do I base my decisions on? Most people judge their behavior by what is good, fair or just. Others by what will bringthem pleasure. These people believe in hedonism. There are individuals that determinetheir actions by fear, self-preservation or instinct. Furthermore another question is, whatmakes a society a just one? There are two sides to this question. A major issue concernedwith this argument is the imprisonment of convicted criminals. On one hand, some peoplebelieve in retributive justice. They understand that one should repay their debt to society,if necessary. They believe in rehabilitation. On the other hand, those who believe indistributive justice are under the concept, that equal we alth is the answer to making asociety just. These people believe that everyone should be treated the same. Finally, the last question dealing with ethics is, what is the relationship betweenlaws and morality? Laws are the rules established by an authority. Many people think thatlaws should be written with the pure intent of creating and therefore, keeping a society inorder. Others feel that laws should be written with moral rights in mind. For instance thetopic of abortion. Although the law was passed that it is legal for a woman to get anabortion, many believe the law in morally wrong. These people believe that, a child is alife from conception and should have the right to live. Whether they are correct or not, isthe law a moral one? Then, the question should be asked who decides what is moral andwhat isnt?Metaphysics is the third area of philosophy. It is the study of the way the worldreally is. Once again there are questions about this topic. An important question is, whatis the ultimate nature of reality? The first answer is that nature is purely physical ormaterial. Therefore everything is simply made of matter and nothing more. An exampleof this, is the brain, simply a part of our body. There is no soul present. Another answeris that nature is spiritual, being non-material. It means that we will experience reality iscompletely spiritual terms, with our soul, an example is the mind. The mind is anintellectual faculty that is in charge of our understanding, memories and opinions. Dualism is the combination of both materialism and spiritualism. It suggests nature ismade up of physical and spiritual elements. Accordingly, it also suggests that the brainand mind act as a team. Another question concerned with metaphysics is, does theuniverse have rational or moral order? Or is it simply absurd? If our universe was absurd,then there would be no goals to set, no purpose in your life. Basically, if it was true ourexistence would just be a bad joke. God is also a topic up for discussion when related to metaphysics. The questionarises of whether or not God created the world. Many cultures have a vast number ofanswers to this question, most deal with religion. The Roman Catholic and Jewishreligions+ believe a single male God created the world in seven days. Ancient Greeks andRomans believed that several female goddesses and male gods created the universe. Withthis question, the meaning of life is also pondered. Cosmology is the study of theuniverse. Various philosophers contemplate the ultimate nature of reality and the originsof the universe. .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 , .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .postImageUrl , .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 , .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425:hover , .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425:visited , .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425:active { border:0!important; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425:active , .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425 .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u32c79d3b7eec6ea08dcb3bddc7cc0425:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reconstruction EssayThe three fundamental questions in the field of philosophy, will never be answeredfully. If they were, the world would be neglected of great thinkers, philosophers, such asPlato, Socrates and Amaxander.